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Non Finites CBSE Class 10 English Grammar
Non Finites CBSE Class 10 English Grammar

Non Finites:

Non-finite is a form of verb that does not display a distinction in tense, in contrast with a finite verb, where there is a distinction between present tense and past tense. Eg. hopes , hoped . A non-finite verb is either infinitive, participle or gerund. The infinitive is the base of a verb, often followed by  to  as;

  • 1. To err is human
  • 2. Birds love to sing
  • In sentence one the infinitive like a noun is the subject of the verb  is 
  • In sentence two the infinitive like a noun is the object of the verb  love 
  • After certain verbs like bid , let etc we use the infinitive without to as;
  • 1. Bid him go there
  • 2. Let him sit here
participles

A participle is a word, which is partly a verb and partly an adjective. In the sentence Hearing the noise the boy woke up, The phrase hearing the noise, which is introduced by a participle, is called a participle phrase and according to the latter part of the definition, it is an adjective phrase

Gerund

A gerund is that form of the verb, which ends in -ing and has the force of a noun and a verb. As both, gerund and the infinitive have the forces of a noun and a verb, they have the same uses

Thus in many sentences, either of them may be used without any special difference in meaning such as; Teach me to swim

finiterther Explanation

A non-finite verb (or a verbal ) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject and, more generally, is not marked by tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause

A non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role - usually noun, adjective, or adverb - in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal ; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns , verbal adjectives , or verbal adverbs

English has three kinds of verbals:

  • participles , which function as adjectives
  • gerunds , which function as nouns; and
  • infinitives , which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions
  • Each of these kinds of verbals is also used in various common structures; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect ( to have done )
participleticiples
  • A participle is a verbal adjective that describes a noun as being a participant in the action of the verb
  • The following sentences contain participles: The talking children angered the teacher. (Here talking modifies children.)
  • Annoyed , Rita ate dinner by herself in the bedroom. (Here annoyed modifies Rita.)
  • In English, the present participle is used in forming the continuous aspect ( to be doing ); the past participle is used in forming the passive voice ( to be done ) and the perfect aspect ( to have done ). Gerunds
  • A gerund is a verbal noun that refers to the action of the verb. In English, a gerund has the same form as a present participle - ending in -ing
  • 1.Fencing is good exercise. (Here fencing is the subject of is.)
  • 2.Leroy expanded his skills by studying . (Here studying is the object of by.) Infinitives
  • In English, the infinitive verb form is often introduced by the particle to , as in to eat or to run . The resulting phrase can then function as a subject or object, or as a modifier
  • To succeed takes courage, foresight, and luck. (Here to succeed is the subject of takes.)
  • I dont have time to waste . (Here to waste modifies time . An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any related words. wanted)
  • Carol was invited to speak . (Here to speak is the object of invited .)
  • Do not stop to chat . (Here to chat functions as an adverb modifying stop .)
  • An infinitive phrase consists of an infinitive and any related words. Paul wanted to learn silk screening . (The infinitive phrase to learn silk screening is the object of wanted)

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 2
Question 1.
Complete the passage on hypertension by choosing the correct options from those given below?
    There are two kinds of hypertension : secondary and primary. Secondary hypertension has organic causes. It
  • (a) ______ be caused by either obstructive kidney disease, tumours of the brain, thyroid or adrenal glands
  • (b) ______ narrowing of the aorta. It is more common
  • (c) ______ younger people and surgery usually
  • (d) ______ the pressure to normal levels. Primary hypertension is a silent killer. It shows no obvious symptoms
  • (e) ______ it is well advanced,
  • (f) ______ the
  • (g) ______ common contributory factors are obesity, diabetes, excessive salt intake, smoking, emotional stress and
  • (h) ______ family history of high blood pressure
  • (a) (i) may
  • (ii) will
  • (iii) could
  • (iv) might
  • (b) (i) and
  • (ii) or
  • (iii) but
  • (iv) so
  • (c) (i) in
  • (ii) with
  • (iii) for
  • (iv) of
  • (d) (i) restored
  • (ii) is restoring
  • (iii) restores
  • (iv) will restore
  • (e) (i) until
  • (ii) while
  • (iii) unless
  • (iv) before
  • (f) (i) Between
  • (ii) of
  • (iii) Among
  • (iv) Besides
  • (g) (i) many
  • (ii) more
  • (iii) some
  • (iv) most
  • (h) (i) a
  • (ii) the
  • (iii) your
  • (iv) one

Answers:

  • (a) - (i) may
  • (b) - (ii) or
  • (c) - (i) in
  • (d) - (iii) restores
  • (e) - (i) until
  • (f) - (i) Between
  • (g) - (i) most
  • (h) - (iv) ones
Question 2.
Rajani and Vikram are discussing their plans for the evening. Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct options?
  • Vikram (a) ________ on TV last week
  • Rajani : No, (b) ________ Did you see the programme
  • Vikram : Yes, it was very interesting. The guests on the show were M S Dhonï and Yuvraj Singh
  • Rajani : Oh how sad that I missed it. (c) ________
  • Vikram : Dont worry. (d) ________
  • (a) (i) Did you watched the Talk Show programme
  • (ii) Were you watching the Talk Show programme
  • (iii) Did you watch the Talk Show programme
  • (iv) Do you watch the Talk Show programme
  • (b) (i) I had just switched the TV on when some guests arrived
  • (ii) I have just switch the TV on when some guests arrived
  • (iii) I was just switching the TV on when some guests had arrived
  • (iv) I just switched the TV on when some guests were arriving
  • (c) (i) I wish I can seen it
  • (ii) I wish I could have seen it
  • (iii) I wish I have seen it
  • (iv) I wish I had seen it
  • (d) (i) I had taped it so you could see it
  • (ii) I am taping it so you can see it
  • (iii) I have taped it so you can see it
  • (iv) I will tape it so you can see it

Answers:

  • (a) (iii) Did you watch the Talk Show programme
  • (b) (i) I had just switched the TV on when some guests arrived
  • (c) (iv) I wish I had seen it
  • (d) (iii) I have taped it so you can see it
Question 3.
Given below are some instructions for preparing an omelette. Complete the following paragraph on the basis of these instructions?

Answers:

  • (a) Take two eggs. Break them in a bowl and beat them after adding a pinch of salt and pepper
  • (b) Add a spoonful of water and beat the eggs again
  • (c) Put a pan on the stove and light the gas. Pour one teaspoon of ghee or butter into the pan
  • (d) When the ghee or butter becomes hot, pour the beaten eggs into the frying pan
  • (e) After some time when the omelette is set, loosen it from the sides of the pan
  • (f) Slip a knife under the omelette, fold it and serve it hot with green chillies and chopped onion
  • Two eggs (a) __________ adding a pinch of salt and pepper. A spoonful
  • (b) __________. A teaspoon of ghee or butter is heated in a frying pan. The beaten eggs
  • (c) __________. After sorne time, when
  • (d) __________. A knife is slipped under the omelette and
  • (e)__________ with green chillies and chopped onion, etc

Answers:

  • (a) are taken, broken and beaten in a bowl
  • (b) of water is added
  • (c) are poured into the frying pan
  • (d) the omelette is set, is loosened from the sides of the pan
  • (e) is folded and served hot
Question 4.
Read the conversation given below carefully and complete the following passage by filling in the blank spaces appropriately?
  • Mr Goel : Have you booked the rooms in the Hotel for our holiday
  • Mrs Goel : Yes I have. I asked them to book a double room on the tenth floor
  • Mr Goel : Why did you ask for a room on the tenth floor
  • Mrs Goel : The view from there is really great
  • Mr Goel : Have you forgotten I am afraid of lifts
  • Mr Goel inquired from his wife (a) __________. She
  • replied that she had and added (b) __________. Mr
  • Goel then wanted to know (c) __________ to
  • which Mrs Goel replied (d) __________. At
  • that an upset Mr Goel wanted to know (e) __________

Answers:

  • (a) if she had booked the rooms in the Hotel for their holiday
  • (b) that she had asked them to book a double room on the tenth floor
  • (c) why she had asked for a room on the tenth floor
  • (d) that the view from there was really great
  • (e) if she had forgotten he was afraid of lifts
Question 1.
greatest mysteries/bird life/migration/one of the/ofiis?

Answer: One of the greatest mysteries of bird life is migration

Question 2.
ringing of the/on migration/most/has come/from/information/young and adult birds?

Answer: Most information on migration has come from ringing of the young and adult birds

Question 3.
stamped with/a light aluminium ring/a number and return address/is fastened/before it/ leaves the nest/to the bird?

Answer: A light aluminium ring stamped with a number and return address is fastened to the bird before it leaves the nest

Question 4.
a special register/released/a detailed record/and/is kept in/is/the bird/then?

Answer: A detailed record is kept in a special register and the bird is released then

Question 5.
extensively employed/the method/of/has been/ringing birds/factual data/in recent years/in Europe and America/for collecting?

Answer: The method of ringing birds has been extensively employed in Europe and America in recent years for collecting factual data

Question 6.
Below is a dialogue between two friends. Each line contains an error. Underline each error and write your correction in the space provided?

Answer:

  • A : Its no good, Ramesh. I cant find it nowhere. anywhere
  • B : Where have you put it yesterday ? Think carefully. - did
  • A : Well, I put it on the drawer first of all because - in
  • I thought it could be safe. Then Anu said that it - would
  • was a silly place so I put it over the floor where, - on
  • everyone could see it. But I fell on it! After that - this
  • I noticed the top was broke so I repaired it and - broken
  • put it someone else. Then I was so tired that Anu - somewhere suggests I had a cool drink, - suggested
  • B : If I were you, I would look in a fridge. - the
  • A : hey! Youre right .. its in the fridge. I should - may have left them there when I got my drink. Thanks! - it
Question 7.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Ensure that the word that forms vour answer is underlined?

Answer:

  • Human blood contains kinds of material, (a) contains so kinds
  • including white blood cells the platelets. (b) cells the
  • But most coin mon in all blood tvpes (c) But the most
  • are red-blood cells. When you not have (d) you do not
  • enough of, your body becomes anaemic. (e) of these
  • New research is fnially solving few of the (f) solving a few
  • mysteries surrounding ceLls. Some invertebrates (g) surrounding the cells
  • and all vertebrates carry the oxygen an iron-rich (h) oxygen and an protein called haemoglobin which is present inside red-blood cells
  • Important Question


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